Supreme Court of the United States
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supreme court of the united states
Supreme Court of the United States. The court of last resort in the federal system, whose members are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. • The Court was established in 1789 by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which vests the Court with the “judicial power of the United States.” — Often
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(1) United States Supreme Court (1)
(1) United States Supreme Court (1) 美国最高法院 其更为正式的名称应是Supreme Court of the United States。它是根据美国宪法设立的，为联邦法院系统中的最高审级，其法官人数自1869年起固定为9名，其中一名为首席大法官。最高法院同时具有初审管辖权和上诉管辖权，但其受理的初审案件很少，其中以州际诉讼居多。上诉案件到达最高法院基本有两种方式：一是由当事人申请调卷令〔Writ of Certiorari〕，二是由州的最高一级法院或联邦政府提出上诉。此外，美国最高法院还具有「司法审查权」，即通过具体案件宣布国会、行政部门或州政府的某项法令违反宪法，从而使之无效。
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United States Supreme Court
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Seal of the United States Supreme Court
Seal of the United States Supreme Court 〈美〉美国最高法院印章 刻在有一美元硬币大小的钢质材料上的美国徽章，边上刻有「The Seal of the Supreme Court of the United States」的字样。
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chief justice of the united states
Chief Justice of the United States. The formal title of the officer who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. — Often shortened to the Chief Justice.
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united states reports
United States Reports. The official printed record of U.S. Supreme Court cases. • In a citation, it is abbreviated as U.S., as in 388 U.S. 14 (1967). [Cases: Reports 3. C.J.S. Reports §§ 10–13.]
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Chief Justice of the United States
Chief Justice of the United States 美国首席大法官 即美国最高法院首席大法官，尽管各时期用法不一，但这一用法，即「Chief Justice of the United States」是更为普遍和优先使用的用语。但仍然有一些广受欢迎的法律着作家使用与其不同的用词，如「Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court」或「Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States」。查尔斯·华伦曾在《美国历史上的最高法院》一书中考证了美国历史上不同时期对最高法院首席大法官不同的称谓。他指出：杰伊〔Jay〕、拉特利奇〔Rutledge〕、埃尔思沃斯〔Ellsworth〕、马歇尔〔Marshall〕、托尼〔Taney〕、蔡斯〔Chase〕和怀特〔Waite〕在任命时用的是Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States，而宪法只有一次提到首席大法官，用的是「Chief Justice」。1789年9月24日的《司法组织法》〔Judicature Act〕则规定：「最高法院需由一名首席大法官和五名大法官组成。」1866年7月13日的法律第一次正式使用Chief Justice of the United States的称谓，该法律规定：「此后最高法院应由一名美国首席大法官和六名大法官组成」。此后的法律文件，包括1869年4月10日制定通过的法律及其修订后的法律、1911年3月3日的法律，都使用「美国首席大法官」的称谓。而另一方面，有关最高法院首席大法官薪金的法律中又都称为「美国最高法院首席大法官」。
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land court
A court having jurisdiction over land-related matters including: (1) exclusive original jurisdiction of applications for registration of land titles and related questions, writs of entry and petitions to clear title to real estate, petitions to determine the validity and extent of municipal zoning ordinances, bylaws, and regulations, and proceedings for foreclosure and redemption from tax
federal court
A court having federal jurisdiction, including the U.S. Supreme Court, courts of appeals, district courts, bankruptcy courts, and tax courts. — Also termed United States court.